A flying car or roadable aircraft is a vehicle that can travel on roads and in the air. It is both an aircraft and an automobile. All the working examples have required some manual or automated process of conversion between the two modes of operation.
A slightly different concept that is sometimes referred to as a "flying car", particularly in science fiction, is that of an aircraft that would be practical enough for every day travel, but would not necessarily be drivable on the roads.
Monday, May 31, 2010
XJR Jagur
XJR Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR. Powered by a supercharged 6 cylinder engine, the car produced approximately 322 horsepower. With the revamped line of engines, the powerplant would be based on a 8 cylinder engine with supercharger from 1997 to present. The 1997-2003 XJR produced 370 horsepower (276 kW) and 385 pound-feet (522 N·m) of torque, taking the car to 60 mph (97 km/h) in just under 5.3 seconds. The new aluminium bodyshell from 2004–2009 and increased power to 400 hp (298 kW) and enhanced computer systems decreased the time to 60 mph (97 km/h) to a little over 5 seconds. Starting after year 2000, XJRs were equipped with Jaguar's CATS (Computer Active Technology Suspension) which helped firm up the ride in sporty driving without compromising the comfort during day to day use XKR The first XKR was introduced in 1997 and kept with the same power increases as the XJR except for after 2006 the power in the XKR was boosted to 420 hp (313 kW) S-Type R with a short production run from 2005–2007, the S-type R was equipped with the same 400 horsepower (298 kW) supercharged V8 as the other R models
Jagur XJ
The Jaguar XJ is a full-size luxury saloon and the company's flagship model. It has been in production since 1968 with the first generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company's founder, Sir William Lyons. In early 2003, the third generation XJ arrived in showrooms and while the car's exterior and interior styling were traditional in appearance, the car was completely re-engineered. Its styling attracted much criticism from many motoring journalists who claimed that the car looked old-fashioned and barely more modern than its predecessor, many even citing that the 'Lyons line' had been lost in the translation from Mark 2 into Mark 3 XJ, even though beneath the shell lied a highly-advanced aluminium construction that put the XJ to very near the top of its class. The fourth generation XJ launched in 2009 is a departure in its exterior styling, following the design shift that came into effect previously with the company's XF and XK models.
The XJ is priced from £44,500 to £59,000 in United Kingdom with a sport model called the Super V8, starting at £50,000. As the name suggests, the Super V8 features a supercharged 4.2 litre V8 engine, which accelerates the car from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in just 5.0 seconds. To cater to the limousine market, all XJ models are offered with a longer wheelbase as an option, which enlarges the space available inside the cabin.
An all new XJ was launched at a ceremony at the London Saatchi Gallery on 9 July 2009. The new car is expected to go into production at the end of 2009, with deliveries starting in early 2010. It responds to criticisms by introducing a far more modern shape with clear Jaguar links, but a more youthful, contemporary stance, while the interior benefits from the change with a totally contemporary ambiance.
Jagur XF
The Jaguar XF is a mid-size executive car that was introduced in 2008 to replace the out-going S-Type in the company's line-up. In January 2008, the XF was awarded the What Car? 'Car of the Year' and 'Executive Car of the Year' awards. The XF was also awarded Car of the Year 2008 from What Diesel? magazine.
Engines available in the XF are a 3.0 litre V6 diesel or petrol and a 5.0 litre V8 supercharged called the "r" or naturally-aspirated V petrol, and, in the US, a 4.2L V8. Prices range from £29,900 to £62,600 in United Kingdom.
Engines available in the XF are a 3.0 litre V6 diesel or petrol and a 5.0 litre V8 supercharged called the "r" or naturally-aspirated V petrol, and, in the US, a 4.2L V8. Prices range from £29,900 to £62,600 in United Kingdom.
Jagur X-type
The Jaguar X-Type was a compact executive car launched in 2001. Sharing its platform with a 2000 Ford Mondeo, the X-Type lasted one generation, and there is no planned successor. The current face-lifted model is expected to be sold through the 2010 model year in its remaining markets.
The X-Type is available as a saloon and estate and is priced from £21,500–£29,000.
Jaguar Land Rover ceased production of the X-Type at the end of 2009.
The X-Type is available as a saloon and estate and is priced from £21,500–£29,000.
Jaguar Land Rover ceased production of the X-Type at the end of 2009.
Sunday, May 30, 2010
Cadillac Escalade
The Cadillac Escalade is a full-size luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) sold by the General Motors luxury brand, Cadillac. It was the division's first major entry into the popular SUV market. The Escalade was introduced for the 1999 model year in response to German and Japanese competitors and to Ford's 1998 release of the Lincoln Navigator. The Escalade project went into production only ten months after it was approved. The Escalade is built in Arlington, Texas. The name Escalade refers to a siege warfare tactic of scaling defensive walls or ramparts with the aid of ladders or siege towers.
The Escalade was originally based on the GMC Yukon Denali, but was redesigned for the 2002 model year to make its appearance fall more in line with Cadillac's new design theme. Today, the Escalade and Escalade EXT pickup are two of only three Cadillac vehicles made outside of the United States. Both the Escalade ESV (Based on the Chevrolet Suburban) and Escalade EXT (based on the Avalanche sport utility truck) were made in Silao, Mexico before the 2006 redesign; the new Escalade ESV is sourced from Arlington, Texas. The Escalade competes with the Range Rover Sport, Infiniti QX56, Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, Lexus LX, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover LR3 and Lincoln Navigator.
Peugeot 308
The Peugeot 308 is a small family car produced by the French car manufacturer PSA. It was unveiled on June 5, 2007 and is the first car of the X08 generation of Peugeot models.
Loosely intended as the replacement for the Peugeot 307, the new vehicle was based upon the old 307’s chassis, but has new bodywork and is slightly longer and wider. Its coefficient of drag is 0.29, and it has a five-star Euro NCAP rating. The 308 builds on the strengths of the 307 whilst focusing on quality and safety, which are at significantly higher levels than the outgoing 307.
The Peugeot 308 holds the world record of the most fuel-efficient mainstream car currently in production, having averaged 3.13 litres per 100 kilometres (90.2 mpg-imp; 75.1 mpg-US) over a distance of 14,580 km (9,060 mi).
Peugeot presented a 2+2 coupé concept car development of the 308, the Peugeot RCZ, at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. This coupé concept is 18 cm lower than the standard car. It has similar proportions to the Audi TT. The final production model as well as its name will be unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, i.e. two years after the concept car was first presented to the public and has began to be on sale in the spring of 2010.
A station wagon concept version of the 308, the Peugeot 308 SW Prologue, was also unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. In February 2008 the production version was announced, to go on sale in the UK in June that year. The finished product went on show at the 78th International Geneva Motor Show in March 2008. The 308 Touring is available now in a 5 or 7 seat version. First displayed at the Melbourne Motor Show in Australia.
A cabriolet with a retractable hardtop, the 308 CC, has been presented to replace the Peugeot 307 CC.
Hy-wire
The Hy-wire (Hydrogen drive-by-wire) is a concept car from General Motors originally introduced in January 2002. The car runs on hydrogen fuel cells and uses a drive-by-wire system, meaning that the car is controlled electronically. GM asked school children to name the car, and one of them suggested "Hy-wire".
In 2003, General Motors stated that it was confident that it could produce a commercially viable model by 2010.
design
Due to hydrogen fuel cell drive system used by the Hy-wire, the conventional car layout has been revamped. Without the need for a conventional engine block and transmission system coupled to the steering column and pedals through mechanical linkage the car's power system and single electric motor are built into a flat skateboard configuration. This serves to lower the car's center of gravity but more importantly to standardize vehicle drive train systems. Because all propulsion and energy storage systems are housed in the skateboard, designers are free to arrange the passenger compartment however they see fit. This allows for highly flexible modular vehicle configurations such as a 4 door sedan, mini van, or even a small bus to be placed on the same drive system, with the only difference being the shape of the car's upper body and the location of seats. The skateboard itself contains crumple zones similar to those in conventional automobiles.
Driver interface
The car's drive-by-wire system coupled with cameras instead of mirrors and multiple LCD displays for feedback to the driver theoretically allows the driver's seat to be located anywhere; however, most current designs still favor the driver in front of or beside the other passengers for maximum visibility. The digital coupling of the controls to the drive system means neither the driver's seat nor the steering and throttle controls must be fixed in place. For example, the 2003 concept model has a single control interface that can be operated from either the right or left front seats, and the 2004 concept design places the two front seats on a rotating platform which allows the driver and passenger seats to be swapped or the driver to sit in front of the passenger for greater flexibility.
Power plant
The Hy-wire is powered by a fuel cell capable of producing 94 kilowatts of power continuously and up to 129 kilowatts for short periods. The fuel cell itself is supplied with hydrogen from 3 tanks of compressed hydrogen located in the chassis. With its three-phase electric motor the 1,814 kg (4,000 lb) vehicle has a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mi/h).
In 2003, General Motors stated that it was confident that it could produce a commercially viable model by 2010.
design
Due to hydrogen fuel cell drive system used by the Hy-wire, the conventional car layout has been revamped. Without the need for a conventional engine block and transmission system coupled to the steering column and pedals through mechanical linkage the car's power system and single electric motor are built into a flat skateboard configuration. This serves to lower the car's center of gravity but more importantly to standardize vehicle drive train systems. Because all propulsion and energy storage systems are housed in the skateboard, designers are free to arrange the passenger compartment however they see fit. This allows for highly flexible modular vehicle configurations such as a 4 door sedan, mini van, or even a small bus to be placed on the same drive system, with the only difference being the shape of the car's upper body and the location of seats. The skateboard itself contains crumple zones similar to those in conventional automobiles.
Driver interface
The car's drive-by-wire system coupled with cameras instead of mirrors and multiple LCD displays for feedback to the driver theoretically allows the driver's seat to be located anywhere; however, most current designs still favor the driver in front of or beside the other passengers for maximum visibility. The digital coupling of the controls to the drive system means neither the driver's seat nor the steering and throttle controls must be fixed in place. For example, the 2003 concept model has a single control interface that can be operated from either the right or left front seats, and the 2004 concept design places the two front seats on a rotating platform which allows the driver and passenger seats to be swapped or the driver to sit in front of the passenger for greater flexibility.
Power plant
The Hy-wire is powered by a fuel cell capable of producing 94 kilowatts of power continuously and up to 129 kilowatts for short periods. The fuel cell itself is supplied with hydrogen from 3 tanks of compressed hydrogen located in the chassis. With its three-phase electric motor the 1,814 kg (4,000 lb) vehicle has a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mi/h).
Audi RSQ
The Audi RSQ is a mid-engined concept car developed by Audi AG for use as a product placement in the 2004 sci-fi movie I, Robot. It is meant to depict a technologically advanced automobile in the Chicago cityscape from the year 2035.
This sports coupé is a visionary interpretation of Audi's typical automobile design. An important challenge presented to the designers was that despite its extreme character, the car still had to be recognised by the audience as an Audi. To accommodate this demand, the engineers implemented a current Audi front-end design which includes the trapezoidal "Audi Single-Frame Grille", the company's trademark overlapping four rings, and the Multi Media Interface (MMI) driver-to-car control system.
The RSQ also includes special features suggested by movie director Alex Proyas. The car uses spheres instead of conventional wheels. Its two reverse butterfly doors are hinged to the B-posts of the body
Chevrolet Volt
The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle to be produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors and expected to be launched in November 2010 as a 2011 model. Its propulsion system will be based on GM's new Voltec (formerly known as E-Flex) electric automobile platform, which differs significantly from GM's earlier BAS Hybrid and Two-Mode Hybrid systems. For up to the first 40 miles (64 km), the Volt is powered by electrical energy stored in its on-board lithium-ion batteries which are charged by connection to an electrical power outlet. The car's 16 kW·h (8.8 kW·h usable) lithium-ion battery pack can be fully charged by plugging the car into a 120-240VAC residential electrical outlet using the provided SAE J1772-compliant charging cord. No external charging station will be required.
With fully charged batteries, enough electrical energy will be stored to power the Volt up to 40 miles (64 km). This distance is capable of satisfying the daily commute for 75% of Americans, whose commute is on average 33 miles (53 km). After 40 miles (64 km), a small 4-cylinder gasoline internal combustion engine creates electricity on-board using a 53 kW (71 hp) generator to extend the Volt's range to more than 300 miles (483 km). The electrical power from the generator is sent primarily to the electric motor, with the excess going to the batteries, depending on the state of charge (SoC) of the battery pack and the power demanded at the wheels. The distribution is controlled by the electronic control unit (ECU) of the vehicle. Unlike most current commercially available hybrid electric vehicles, the actual propulsion of the Volt is accomplished exclusively by the electric motor.
The Volt's retail price has yet to be officially announced. Recently the Volt's vehicle line director Tony Posawatz from GM responded to the question of anticipated Volt pricing by stating "the real or effective cost to consumers is easily less than $30,000” which includes the $7,500 U.S. federal tax credit and effective savings in electricity and other benefits.
Development and production of the Volt has been kept on or ahead of schedule, despite GM's Chapter 11 reorganization. The first pre-production test car based on the full Volt design was built in June 2009 in Warren, Michigan and by October 2009, 80 Volts had been built and are being tested under various conditions. On March 31, 2010 the first factory-built Volt was produced at the Detroit Hamtramck Assembly Plant in order to test the production line and for quality control purposes, both of the tooling and the pre-production vehicles that will be produced before regular production begins
Lexus
Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. First introduced in 1989 in the United States, Lexus is now sold globally and has become Japan's largest-selling make of luxury cars. As of 2009, Lexus vehicles are officially marketed in over 70 countries and territories worldwide. The Lexus marque has ranked among the top ten Japanese global brands in market value. The division's world headquarters are located in Toyota, Aichi, Japan, with operational centers in Brussels, Belgium, and Torrance, California, United States.
Lexus originated from a clandestine flagship sedan project that began in 1983. This effort developed into the original Lexus LS, which was the first vehicle to wear the Lexus marque upon its launch in 1989. In following years, Lexus added sedan, coupé, convertible, and SUV models. In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted, and additional hybrid models were subsequently introduced to the Lexus lineup. In 2007, Lexus launched its F marque performance division with the arrival of the IS F sport sedan.
From the start of production, Lexus vehicles have been consistently produced in Japan, with manufacturing centered in the Chūbu and Kyūshū regions, and in particular at Toyota's Tahara, Aichi, Chūbu and Miyata, Fukuoka, Kyūshū plants. Assembly of the first Lexus built outside the country, the Ontario, Canada-produced RX 330, began in 2003. Following a corporate reorganization from 2001 to 2005, Lexus operates its own design, engineering, and manufacturing centers, solely responsible for the division's vehicles.
Since the 2000s, Lexus has increased sales outside its largest market in the United States through an ongoing global expansion. The division inaugurated dealerships in Japan's domestic market in 2005, becoming the first Japanese luxury car marque to launch in its country of origin. Further debuts in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and other export regions have since followed. The division's lineup has also been expanded to reflect regional specifications in model and powertrain configurations.
Saturday, May 29, 2010
Fiskar Karma
The gorgeous 2010 Fisker Karma sports sedan promises so much that some auto-industry watchers fear it's almost too good to be true. The verdict should come with the Karma's scheduled production debut in late 2009.
Fisker Automotive calls the Karma an eco-friendly car without compromise in performance, style or design. It's a large, four-passenger plug-in hybrid sedan that drips luxury and sex appeal.
Based in Irvine, California, Fisker Automotive is a small manufacturer specializing in premium sports cars and plans to produce 15,000 Karma models a year. The Karma was designed by company founder Henrik Fisker, a former stylist for BMW and Aston Martin whose credits include modern classics such as the BMW Z8 and Aston Martin DB9.
The Karma looks more like a sports car than a four-door sedan that seats four. Its body is made of aluminum and plastic and its roof is an expansive solar panel that captures the sun's energy to power accessories like the climate-control fan. Its front end and grille have a shark-nose sneer familiar to Aston Martin aficionados, and it's low-slung for a sedan, with a wide track, long wheelbase and standard 22-inch wheels. Its exotic bi-Xenon headlight clusters and LED taillights look like polished gemstones.
Still, the most exotic thing about the Karma might be its powertrain. It's not a hybrid like Toyota's familiar Prius, in which the gasoline engine can actually deliver power to the car's drive wheels. The rear-drive Karma is motivated strictly by two electric motors with a combined 402 peak horsepower. They're connected to the differential without any sort of conventional transmission. Road speed is managed strictly by varying the speed of the electric motors.
The motors are fed by a lithium-ion battery pack mounted toward the middle of the car for balance. The batteries can be charged from a standard 110-volt household outlet, and Fisker claims they'll give the Karma a range of at least 50 miles without burning a drop of gasoline. Roughly 60 percent of all drivers travel less than 50 miles per day. Theoretically, at least, many could commute in the Karma with nothing more than an overnight charge.
Still, the Karma's Q-Drive powertrain, developed with a company called Quantum Technologies, does have a gasoline engine: an efficient, turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder, provided by General Motors, generating 260 horsepower. The gas engine is mated to a compact generator under the hood, and generates electricity to charge the battery pack. Fisker says the Karma's fuel tank will be large enough to give it a minimum 300-mile range between fuel stops, in the absence of any plug-in charging.
Equipped with the Q-Drive powertrain, the Karma will travel from 0 to 60 mph in an impressive 5.8 seconds, according to Fisker, with a top speed of 95 mph in plug-in mode and 125 mph in gas engine/generator mode.
The Karma measures 200 inches in length with a wheelbase of 126.4 inches, or nearly as big as a full-size Mercedes-Benz S-Class sedan. Yet its roof is far lower than the typical large sedan's. It's built on an aluminum space frame, like high-tech exotic sports cars. With its obvious low center of gravity and massive tires, it may handle something like a big sports car.
Its interior definitely has the feel of a specialty car. The door openings are relatively small, so getting in and out is not particularly easy, especially for a sedan. Once inside, however, we found the seats excellent and cabin space more than adequate, even in the slow-slung rear seat.
The cabin has the bespoke feel of very expensive cars, with tight, heavy leather just about everywhere. Fisker calls the finish sustainable and accountable design, applying reusable materials enhanced with modern technology. The wood trim, for example, is sourced from non-living trees collected after forest fires or from lake bottoms. Most controls are concentrated in a 10.2-inch LED touch screen.
All Karmas will be built with the standard array of airbags and active safety features, including advanced anti-lock brakes and dynamic stability control, in one of three trim levels:
Eco ($87,900), EcoSport ($94,900) and EcoChic ($104,900). EcoChic is animal free, according to the company, with Bamboo Viscose textile upholstery and trim made from fossilized leaves embedded in glass. Federal tax credits could essentially lower the prices up to $7,500.
Lotus Evora
A new sports car called the Lotus Evora is expected to be introduced in U.S. in 2009, likely as a 2010 model. A larger car than the Elise, the Evora will be the first totally new Lotus in nearly 15 years.
To considerable media and public acclaim, Lotus revealed the upcoming Evora sports-GT at the July 2008 London Motor Show. Appearing on the show stand was a deep-silver two-door, 2+2, mid-engine coupe featuring a variety of longstanding Lotus design cues, to the point observers instantly recognized and appreciated Lotus DNA. The family lineage was seen to continue under the skin, where Evora's bonded and riveted aluminum platform, composite body panels and Toyota drivetrain are all trademark Lotus. As with all Loti, Evora extracts the most from the least, with agile dynamics and high performance coming more from advanced structures and weight control than outright engine power.
Evora is the first all-new Lotus in more than a decade, the last all-new model having been Elise Series 1 back in 1995 that spawned the current Elise Series 2, Exige, the 2-Eleven track car, and the non-USA Europa S. The basic Elise platform has also been used for non-USA Opel Speedster and Vauxhall VX220 models, as well as the recently introduced Tesla Roadster pure-electric vehicle.
Evora is larger and significantly more luxurious than other models in the current Lotus lineup. It is also much roomier and more accommodating, as needed for commercial success in today's demanding marketplace. The Evora's size results in higher weight than the Elise-based models. Think of Elise and Exige as pure sportscars, and Evora a (still pure) GT.
Although launched as an enclosed 2+2 coupe, Evora will add at least two model variants in short order, a two-seat coupe with the vestigial rear seats removed and replaced by an open luggage area, and a two-seat soft-top convertible with the open area behind the front seats taken up with a folding top assembly.
Launched with a six-speed manual transmission, Evora will also add some form of automatic transmission during the early part of the build run. The Lotus lineup of four-cylinder engines in the Elise and its derivatives plus the Evora V6 complies with current fleet limits, but will shortly exceed EU limits and require modifications. Don't be too surprised if Evora adopts a hybrid or even all-electric drivetrain during its production run.
Evora is only the fifth vehicle in modern times to combine a 2+2 seating configuration with a mid-engine layout. For those needing to account for the other four, they were the Lamborghini Urraco, Dino (later Ferrari) 308GT4, and Maserati Merak from the 1970s, as well as Ferrari Mondial from the 1980s-90s.
Combining increased cabin space and a certain practicality with the dynamic balance inherent in a mid-engine configuration presents significant design challenges to get proportions right and make the car visually appealing. We think Lotus succeeded, with Evora successfully hiding its 2+2 seating configuration in a vehicle most would initially identify as a two-seater. Of course, the way to get the proportions right was simply to limit the size of the 2+2 seating package. The rear seats are small, and Lotus suggests a passenger height limit of about 5 feet. We suggest short trips only or opting for the upcoming two-seat model with open cargo area.
So why a 2+2 with the design challenges it brings? Getting an answer within Lotus is a little challenging, but the best comes from Evora program chief Roger Becker (yes, the famed Roger Becker, who has been with Lotus since the late-1960s and is the longest-standing continuous Lotus employee with a tenure at, near or perhaps now exceeding 40 years). The answer lies in the evergreen Porsche 911, arguably the best-known and most profitable sportscar in history. For its many faults, the 911 coupe in basic form is a 2+2 with folding rear seats that offers reasonable practicality and utility along with its iconic looks and renowned performance. More important, at least relative to Evora, is the fact the 911 can be used by a wide range of skilled and unskilled drivers as an everyday vehicle, equally adept at commuting and carrying groceries as it is on the autobahn. Need to pick up the kids? One can fit in the front and one or more in back. Need to travel? Throw your luggage in back and off you go. The 911 is even remarkably fuel-efficient given its staggering performance levels.
Whenever the Lotus name arises, there's always the question of performance. Evora is unlikely to disappoint. 0-60 should come up in less than 5 seconds, and a 160-mph top speed is forecast. Handling should meet all expectations, which is to say Evora will be lithe and nimble on its feet. Lotus claims Evora is several seconds quicker around the Nurburgring Nordschleife than the fastest Exiges.
While the rear seating is small, the front seat area is surprisingly accommodating. In fine Lotus tradition, the reasons are somewhat quaint and convoluted, but interesting nonetheless. Lotus cars developed under Colin Chapman in the 1950s-70s had small doors and were pretty small inside. Why? Chapman was very short, he owned the company, and as long as he could fit it didn't matter if others could not. Fast forward a generation and current Lotus chairman Mike Kimberley is 6'5" tall. He can't get in and out of an Elise or (worse yet) Exige, so retains a late-production yellow Esprit for his personal use. Since the Esprit has some years and miles on it now, it was clear from the outset Evora entry/egress and interior room would have to be sufficient to accommodate the now septuagenarian Mr. Kimberley. And so it does. For the rest of us, Lotus claims room for two 99th percentile American males in front, a sight we'd frankly rather not contemplate.
An outgrowth of size is the issue of weight. Evora weighs 2976 pounds, roughly 1000 pounds more than Elise.
Evora's 3.5-liter V6 is from Toyota, a carryover in transverse form from Camry but with ECU software upgrades developed by Lotus Engineering. Sure, the thought of a Camry engine induces yawns, but if you take the engine out of its dull gray suit you have an all-alloy, thin-wall DOHC engine with architecture and execution as modern as any in the industry. It's efficient, elegant, reliable, strong, beautifully made and capable of high power outputs.
Alpine supplies the 7-inch center stack touchscreen assembly controlling audio, communications and satellite navigations functions. The system includes an Imprint multi-EQ function with noise cancellation. Bergstrom supplies the A/C system, and Bosch the ABS, traction control and stability control systems. Springs are from Eibach, shocks from Bilstein, tires from long-time supplier Yokohama. So yes, Evora is an assembled vehicle drawing components from a wide range of worldwide suppliers, but there is no need for apologies as all the suppliers are first-rate and technologies the most modern available. All pretty remarkable for a small manufacturer such as Lotus.
A final note on equipment. Evora is as lavishly equipped with the latest in high-tech appurtenances as Elise and Exige are spare. The interior, designed under the direction of Anthony Bushell, is opulent in ways we've rarely seen from Lotus. Leather is standard, not just on the seats but throughout the cabin. The communications system is Bluetooth compatible. An I-Pod connection is standard. There is a removable/recordable communications system hard-drive. Door mirrors fold via a power mechanism. There is an optional reversing camera with image projected through the I/P center stack screen. Onboard tire pressure monitoring is standard, as are remote control garage and gate-opening functions. The trunk area aft of the engine compartment has outside-air cooling ducts to reduce temperatures and keep contents from wilting or melting. There is metal trim in the interior; real metal trim. So while Elise and Exige may be best described as occasional-use track burners, it is again reasonable to think of Evora as a full-use, all-season GT.
As a hand-made sportscar assembled in limited volumes from a cache of exceptionally fine components, Lotus forecasts Evora being priced in the UK at around L60,000. Using a conventional 2:1 exchange rate, this suggests a U.S. market MSRP approaching $120,000. Lotus pricing, though, rarely reflects a specific 2:1 exchange rate, which leads us to believe Evora will be priced directly opposite 911 Carrera Coupe. Let's assume a starting price around $80,000, with optional equipment raising the price to somewhere just shy of $100,000. And how limited will production be? Lotus is planning 2000 Evoras per year for worldwide consumption, with perhaps 30 percent-40 percent coming to the U.S. It's unlikely you'll see more than one on your block.
Fiat 500
There's wide speculation that the Fiat 500 will be sold in the United States beginning sometime in 2011. A city car built by the Italian automaker, the diminutive Fiat 500 is designed to be fun and frugal. Think of it as a competitor to the Mini Cooper and the Honda Fit, though it's expected to be less expensive. With its retro styling and sporty options, the Fiat 500 will likely be positioned as a premium subcompact. It's expected to be sold at Chrysler dealerships. The Fiat 500 may be available in several body styles: two-door coupe, two-door convertible, four-door sedan, and a high-performance Abarth version. The front-wheel-drive hatchback is available with a choice of three engines. The top-of-the-line 1.4-liter four-cylinder engine is the most likely choice for the U.S. market. The 16-valve engine is rated at 99 horsepower and is expected to get about 34 miles per gallon in the city, 45 mpg on the highway. The Abarth version is turbocharged and is rated at 133 horsepower, allowing it to accelerate from 0-60 mph in less than 7.9 seconds. The current version was launched in July 2007. Its retro styling was aimed at capturing the success enjoyed by the Mini Cooper and the Volkswagen Beetle. Much of its design came from Frank Stephenson who was involved in the design of the Mini Cooper. Critics love its styling, calling it adorable and irresistible. Inside, it gets equally high praise for its attractive design, high-quality materials and ease of use. The two-door coupe is expected first, followed by the convertible, both sometime in 2011. The high-performance Abarth model is expected in 2012. The four-door version is expected in 2013. Much of this is speculation, of course, but several top officials at Fiat have said it will happen and Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne announced his intention to sell a U.S. version of the Fiat 500 in the U.S. before the end of 2010. Chrysler was merged with Fiat in January 2009 after President Barrack Obama forced Chrysler into bankruptcy to encourage the merger. The Fiat 500 is expected to be built at a Chrysler factory in Toluca, Mexico. Part of the merger deal was that Fiat would cover the cost of retooling a Chrysler plant to produce a Fiat model to be sold in the U.S. and would provide engine and transmission technology to help Chrysler introduce fuel-efficient small cars.
2012 Ford Focus
An all-new 2012 Ford Focus goes on sale early in 2011. Ford Motor Company revealed the upcoming Focus at the January 2010 North American International Auto Show in Detroit.
The 2010 Focus is a C-sized small car rife with new technology, new powertrains and new customer features, some of which are not offered by other cars in this class. This is a huge market segment that accounts for 2 million units of production every year and includes the Toyota Corolla, Nissan Sentra, Mazda 3, and the upcoming Chevrolet Cruze. The Focus has been a big success for Ford since its initial launch in 1998, selling more than 9.2 million cars worldwide from production plants in Germany, Russia, Spain, the Philippines, China, South Africa, and Vietnam.
In the U.S., the Focus will be available in five-door hatchback and four-door sedan versions. In Europe, the Focus is also available as a three-door hatchback, including a 300-horsepower RS model.
The new Focus will be built around an entirely new Ford powertrain, starting with an all-aluminum 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that features both a Denso direct fuel injection system and TiVCT, twin independent variable camshaft timing, two features that, taken together, provide very smooth idle with high horsepower and torque numbers, as well as excellent fuel economy and emissions performance, numbers not revealed at the moment. Initial power figures are 155 horsepower and a 145 foot-pounds of torque using a very high 12:1 compression ratio, previously suitable only for racing engines. Later on, there will be a turbocharged 1.6-liter EcoBoost version of this engine offered to the performance-minded buyer, and still later, Ford may offer a common-rail direct-injection diesel version, already slated for Europe, a hybrid version, and a battery electric version.
All 2012 Focus models will use a new Ford six-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, a quick-shifting automatic that has no traditional torque converter and can be used as a manual transmission. The transmission will feature a hill-start feature that holds the brakes on for 2.5 seconds on inclines, allowing easier driving in hilly cities. The Focus uses front-wheel drive.
The new chassis will be steered around by electric power steering that takes no engine power to run and thus increases fuel mileage. Front and rear suspensions will be mounted on semi-isolated subframes to decrease nose, vibration and harshness, with a new independent rear suspension called control blade, a strut front suspension, and a torque-vectoring system that moves engine torque from side to side during cornering maneuvers to improve traction during turns and reduce understeer.
Ford says 55 percent of the body will be made of high-strength steel and 26 percent ultra-high-strength boron steel to pass all foreseeable crash standards around the world, and will come with seven air bags. Ford says the new Focus will be 25 percent stiffer overall than the outgoing car.\
A brand new interior design with a high-tech look goes with the all-new exterior designs. A completely new MyFord Touch control and display system will be offered on the new Focus, an improvement on the existing Sync system, with either two 4-inch screens, or one 4-inch screen and one 8-inch touch screen, with steering wheel buttons and voice activation to control climate, telephone, entertainment and navigation functions while the driver concentrates on the road ahead. The package includes Bluetooth connectivity, satellite navigation, iPod and MP3 plugs. Other technologies will include a stop/start button for the engine, keyless entry, capless fuel filler, a rearview camera, and an automatic parallel-parking system.
The 2010 Focus is a C-sized small car rife with new technology, new powertrains and new customer features, some of which are not offered by other cars in this class. This is a huge market segment that accounts for 2 million units of production every year and includes the Toyota Corolla, Nissan Sentra, Mazda 3, and the upcoming Chevrolet Cruze. The Focus has been a big success for Ford since its initial launch in 1998, selling more than 9.2 million cars worldwide from production plants in Germany, Russia, Spain, the Philippines, China, South Africa, and Vietnam.
In the U.S., the Focus will be available in five-door hatchback and four-door sedan versions. In Europe, the Focus is also available as a three-door hatchback, including a 300-horsepower RS model.
The new Focus will be built around an entirely new Ford powertrain, starting with an all-aluminum 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that features both a Denso direct fuel injection system and TiVCT, twin independent variable camshaft timing, two features that, taken together, provide very smooth idle with high horsepower and torque numbers, as well as excellent fuel economy and emissions performance, numbers not revealed at the moment. Initial power figures are 155 horsepower and a 145 foot-pounds of torque using a very high 12:1 compression ratio, previously suitable only for racing engines. Later on, there will be a turbocharged 1.6-liter EcoBoost version of this engine offered to the performance-minded buyer, and still later, Ford may offer a common-rail direct-injection diesel version, already slated for Europe, a hybrid version, and a battery electric version.
All 2012 Focus models will use a new Ford six-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, a quick-shifting automatic that has no traditional torque converter and can be used as a manual transmission. The transmission will feature a hill-start feature that holds the brakes on for 2.5 seconds on inclines, allowing easier driving in hilly cities. The Focus uses front-wheel drive.
The new chassis will be steered around by electric power steering that takes no engine power to run and thus increases fuel mileage. Front and rear suspensions will be mounted on semi-isolated subframes to decrease nose, vibration and harshness, with a new independent rear suspension called control blade, a strut front suspension, and a torque-vectoring system that moves engine torque from side to side during cornering maneuvers to improve traction during turns and reduce understeer.
Ford says 55 percent of the body will be made of high-strength steel and 26 percent ultra-high-strength boron steel to pass all foreseeable crash standards around the world, and will come with seven air bags. Ford says the new Focus will be 25 percent stiffer overall than the outgoing car.\
A brand new interior design with a high-tech look goes with the all-new exterior designs. A completely new MyFord Touch control and display system will be offered on the new Focus, an improvement on the existing Sync system, with either two 4-inch screens, or one 4-inch screen and one 8-inch touch screen, with steering wheel buttons and voice activation to control climate, telephone, entertainment and navigation functions while the driver concentrates on the road ahead. The package includes Bluetooth connectivity, satellite navigation, iPod and MP3 plugs. Other technologies will include a stop/start button for the engine, keyless entry, capless fuel filler, a rearview camera, and an automatic parallel-parking system.
2010 Bentley Azure
The Bentley Azure T convertible may well be the last of the big Bentleys powered by the venerable 6-3/4 liter turbocharged engine. The 2010 Azure T combines the prodigious power of the Brooklands Coupe with four-passenger, open-air driving in near incomparable luxury. Traditional Bentley upgrades set the T apart from lesser Azure models, including more elaborate luxury and features, greater performance, and styling details.
Although engine size remains constant, the state of tune is a significant percentage higher, now with 500 hp and 738 lb-ft of torque on call. That infinite well of mid-range power, which surpasses virtually everything on the road not carrying a V12 AMG or TDI badge, lets the Azure ride a seemingly endless wave of thrust like a Swan sailing yacht surfs large swells. One does hear it, but only in the fore when reaching 60 mph in just more than five seconds and a top speed of nearly three miles per minute.
Driving characteristics are tightened somewhat to match the power but this car is more about surprising grip relative the cosseting ride rather than taut, svelte and tossable sports car. The stability systems have been relaxed to better enjoy the 20-inch tires, monumental brakes and the six-speed automatic's sport or manual modes.
Visual distinctions include dark tinted matrix mesh grilles, front fender LeMans vents, retractable Flying B hood ornament, body-color mirrors, twin tailpipes, and a jewel fuel cap carved from a chunk of aluminum. With 42 paint shades, 25 upholstery colors and eight types of wood, the 8400 permutations far exceed build quantities but "to sample" arrangements can be made through the Mulliner program.
Bentley's embossed logo diamond-quilted leather adorns the cabin, itself large enough to comfortably accommodate four adults. There is more knurling applied to switchgear and the organ-stop pull knobs, while the instrument panel is engine-turned aluminum with black-face gauges inset. Modern concessions include an iPod/USB interface and SD card slot, though original source recordings will reproduce best on the 1.1-kilowatt Naim sound system.
The rigid structure of the Azure, which includes carbon-fiber bracing, is more than capable of handling the extra performance and the multi-layer folding soft top is completely automated and does not reduce trunk room.
An Azure T will likely mark the pinnacle of the Arnage/Azure line, ensuring its potential collectibility, but the Azure T is to be driven and experienced with friends and not relegated to a time capsule.
2010 Jagur XFR
The new Jaguar XFR sedan is so powerful that, slightly modified to improve aerodynamics, it reached 225.675 mph on the Bonneville Salt Flats. That makes the 2010 XFR the fastest production Jaguar in history, surpassing even the exotic XJ220 mid-engine supercar, named in the early 1990s for its target top speed.
The XFR is the ultra-high performance version of Jaguar's standard XF sedan, which was widely greeted as the best all-new Jaguar in years when it debuted in 2008. The 2010 XF retails for $52,000 or $57,000 for the XF Premium model. Jaguar says the 2010 XFR will have an MSRP of $80,000 when it hits the roads this summer.
The 2010 XFR will be available for order in February 2009, with the first deliveries expected this summer. Its purpose is straightforward: To give Jaguar a true luxury sedan with the performance of an exotic sports car and a no-excuses competitor for sedans such as the Audi RS6, BMW M5, and Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG.
The primary distinctions between the XFR and other XF sedans are mechanical, and largely under the hood:
The XFR will be powered by a new engine displacing 5.0 liters and sharing nothing with its 4.2-liter predecessor except its V8 configuration. Jaguar's AJ-V8 Gen III engine employs a host of updated technologies to improve fuel efficiency and decrease emissions, including high-pressure direct fuel injection. The company claims that, as the new V8 is rolled out across its lineup, it will deliver more power and performance in all models but also better fuel economy.
In the 2010 XFR, the 5.0-liter V8 is also supercharged, generating an impressive 510 horsepower and 460 lb-ft of torque.
The XF's standard six-speed automatic transmission, one of the best currently available in luxury sedans, is beefed up to handle the XFR's mega-torque. It's also tuned for sportier shift response, and equipped with steering-wheel levers for manual shifting. An electronically controlled limited-slip differential completes the XFR's power-delivery package.
The results, according to Jaguar, are impressive. The XFR will travel from 0 to 60 mph in 4.7 seconds, or the same acceleration time Porsche reports for its 911 sports car. Perhaps more impressively, the XFR will accelerate from 50 to 70 miles per hour in 1.9 seconds, useful when entering an interstate highway, among other things. Jaguar predicts combined City/Highway mileage of 23 mpg. Top speed is governed at 155 mph.
The XFR suspension will be tuned for sharper handling than that of other XF models, with rock-solid high-speed stability. Yet thanks to Jaguar's new Adaptive Dynamics suspension system, ride quality should not suffer substantially. Jaguar claims Adaptive Dynamics has more computing power and considerably quicker response time than its previous CATS adaptive suspension system. The XFR will come standard with 20-inch alloy wheels and performance tires.
As you might anticipate, the XFR will be styled to look more blatantly racy than the other XFs. Changes include hood louvers, door-sill extensions, twin-dual tailpipe outlets and a trunk-lid spoiler. Yet the R's most visible distinction is its bolder, heavier chrome mesh grille.
Inside, the XFR will come standard with heavily bolstered sport seats that are adjustable 18 ways and embossed with an R logo. The leather interior will be offered in Warm Charcoal, Warm Charcoal/Red, Warm Charcoal/London Tan, and Ivory. The standard trim is Dark Oak. New safety options include a radar-based Blind Spot Monitor and a back-up camera with guidance lines.
The XF Premium and Portfolio models will be powered by the new 5.0-liter V8 minus the supercharger, delivering 379 horsepower with combined City/Highway mileage projected at 25 mpg. The standard XF continues with the previous generation, 300-hp 4.2-liter V8.
Audi R8 5.2FSI Quattro
Audi R8 5.2 FSI Quattro this fall, one of the most technically savvy, visually stunning exotic sports cars in years will get even better.
On one hand, this V10-powered R8 is the product of know-how accumulated through Audi's string of victories in the Le Mans 24 Hour race, and the basis for a new sports-car racing program. On the other, the 2010 R8 5.2 FSI is a brand image builder intended to instill deep lust in car enthusiasts worldwide. We suspect there will be a waiting list for the limited number of R8 V10s headed for the United States, even at the anticipated base price of $195,000. That's about $80,000 more than the standard, V8-powered Audi R8.
The most obvious upgrade in the R8 5.2 FSI is its 5.2-liter V10 engine, with high-tech direct fuel injection and racing-style features such as dry-sump lubrication. The V10 generates 525 horsepower and 390 pound-feet of torque, or 100 horsepower and 73 pound-feet more the standard R8's 4.2-liter V8. It delivers 100.9 hp per liter of displacement, impressive for a non-turbocharged engine of its substantial size, with an 8700 rpm redline.
With the standard six-speed manual transmission or Audi's optional Sequential Shift Rtronic dual-clutch automatic and the R8's standard all-wheel-drive system, the R8 5.2 FSI accelerates from 0 to 62 mph in a scant 3.9 seconds. It hits 124 mph in 12 seconds, with a top speed of 196 mph. Yet, thanks to the R8's relatively light weight and efficient direct fuel injection, the V10 should deliver a combined EPA mileage rating of about 17 mpg. That's excellent for a true supercar.
The R8's aluminum superstructure is exceptionally rigid and light. Body panels are formed from aluminum and light-weight plastic composite, and fashioned to maximize aerodynamic downforce for stability at high speeds. Its underbody is fully enclosed, and an automatic rear spoiler deploys at about 62 mph to more firmly press rear wheels to the pavement as speeds increase. The R8 5.2 FSI will be distinguished from the standard R8 V8 by subtle styling tweaks, including larger side air intakes, more aggressive side sills and unique ten-spoke 19-inch wheels. It should also be the first car to use LED elements for all exterior lighting, including high- and low-beam headlights.
Given its rear mid-engine layout, the R8 V10 delivers a race-track friendly weight distribution of 44 percent front, 56 percent rear. Audi promises a race-car grade 1.2 g level of lateral acceleration. Yet the road going R8 5.2 FSI should deliver acceptable ride quality on the highway, thanks to an electronically controlled suspension that automatically adjusts shock-absorber rates depending on how the car is driven. Audi will also offer high-tech ceramic-composite disc brakes. They're about 20 pounds lighter than conventional iron discs, and Audi claims they have a service life of 185,000 miles.
Inside, the R8 5.2 FSI delivers Audi's typically pleasing interior design, finished in a richer, more tailored fashion than the typical A4 sedan. The car offers a host of options in trim materials and upholstery to allow owner customization. The standard-equipment list includes heated Nappa leather seats, a driver information system, a navigation system and premium Bang & Olufsen audio. Options include a park-warning system with back-up camera.
The R8 offers an impressive amount of luggage space for a car of its type. Its mid-engine design allows separate storage boots front and rear, and Audi claims both will hold a standard-size golf bag.
The V10-powered R8 is the road-going version of a race car Audi is building for international GT3-class sports car racing, and it will compete with makes such as Porsche and Ferrari. That will only increase its appeal among well-heeled car enthusiasts. When the R8 5.2 FSI hits showrooms sometime this fall, there could be more potential buyers than cars, despite tough economic times and the projected $195,000 sticker price.
Jagur XK
If there's a car that defines the Jaguar brand, it is the Jaguar XK. The next generation of the XK coupe and convertible is expected to arrive this summer. Jaguar says the XK coupe will retail for $83,000, while the convertible will have an MSRP of $89,000. The high-performance Jaguar XKR coupe will retail for $96,000, while the XKR convertible will be priced at $102,000.
Jaguar is calling the 2010 XK all-new, but in spirit and execution it looks familiar. And that's a good thing. Rather than a hard-edged sports car, the Jaguar XK has been more of a beautiful, lush, well-appointed grand touring car. The new XK coupes and convertibles don't change that but appear to be a bit faster, more polished, more efficient, and better looking than ever.
Nothing defines the XK more readily than its slinky styling, and the new ones should not disappoint. The 2010 XK models are clearly an evolution of the current car, with familiar proportions and similar profiles. Changes are most obvious in front, with a larger mesh grille below the bumper and a more prominently defined front lip spoiler. In back, the jewel-like LED taillights and rear bumper spoiler have bit more pizzazz. In total, the new XK is a hint flashier than the current car but just as pretty, and it still looks fast even when it's sitting still.
The XK features aluminum construction. Its body/chassis combination is formed from aluminum tubes and panels, glued and welded together like a commercial jet. Jaguar claims the XK has the lightest shell and the most torsional stiffness in its class. That means that it requires less energy to move, yet remains more resistant to bending or twisting over big bumps and bad surfaces, even in open-top form. Those are the ingredients of better handling, a smoother ride, and a more refined road feel.
Inside, the next XK features the disappearing, radial gear selector introduced in the Jaguar XF sedan. It'll come standard with keyless starting and an array of trim choices: wool carpet, Rich Oak, Burr Walnut, Dark Oak, Knurled Aluminum, Dark Mesh Aluminum.
Under the hood, the XK models get a new generation of V8s that are considerably more powerful than those they replace. Jaguar's so-called AJ-V8 Gen III applies a host of updated technologies to decrease both emissions and fuel consumption and to extend maintenance intervals. The 5.0-liter V8 in the XK Portfolio delivers 385 horsepower, or 85 more than the 4.2-liter V8 its replaces. The supercharged version in the 2010 XKR produces 510 horsepower, up 90 compared to the current model.
The 2010 Jaguar XKs will continue with ZF's six-speed automatic transmission, which is widely used by luxury car builders for its pleasing operation and excellent performance. All will be equipped with steering-wheel levers for manual shifting, though the transmission in the sport-oriented XKR will be tuned for faster, more aggressive shifts.
Jaguar claims 0 to 60-mph times of 4.6 seconds for the XKR and 5.2 seconds for the XK Portfolio. Jaguar also predicts a slight increase in EPA mileage rating for both cars.
The 2010 XKs will be equipped with a new adaptive suspension system that Jaguar calls Adaptive Dynamics. Such suspensions are intended to better balance sharp, precise handling with a smooth, comfortable ride by electronically varying the rate at which the shock absorbers dampen road shocks, depending on conditions and the driver's demands. Jaguar says its Adaptive Dynamics has more computing power and considerably quicker response time than its previous CATS adaptive suspension system.
Neither the new XK Portfolio nor the XKR are expected in showrooms before June, but Jaguar dealers will gladly take your order now. Both models will come standard with 19-inch wheels: The Portfolio with all-season rubber and the XKR with summer performance tires.
chevrolet Aveo Sedan
Base MSRP: $12,685
EPA Combined Mileage: 30 mpg
Three-Year Fuel Cost: $3088
Three-Year Insurance Cost: $3536
Total Three-Year Cost: $19,309
Remember Daewoo, the poorly received Korean subsidiary whose products GM thought would be the next big thing after it gave them to college kids for free? As Oprah would prove again with the Pontiac G6, giving cars away doesn’t help anyone’s perception of their value. Daewoo lives on outside our shores and sends an undercover agent here as the Chevrolet Aveo. The little Chevy has improved dramatically in the past few years, but if you’re drawn to this little four-door, might we suggest waiting another year or so? A replacement is due in 2011, and it should be wholly more exciting than the current car while being similarly thrifty.
EPA Combined Mileage: 30 mpg
Three-Year Fuel Cost: $3088
Three-Year Insurance Cost: $3536
Total Three-Year Cost: $19,309
Remember Daewoo, the poorly received Korean subsidiary whose products GM thought would be the next big thing after it gave them to college kids for free? As Oprah would prove again with the Pontiac G6, giving cars away doesn’t help anyone’s perception of their value. Daewoo lives on outside our shores and sends an undercover agent here as the Chevrolet Aveo. The little Chevy has improved dramatically in the past few years, but if you’re drawn to this little four-door, might we suggest waiting another year or so? A replacement is due in 2011, and it should be wholly more exciting than the current car while being similarly thrifty.
Friday, May 28, 2010
F60
The Ferrari F60 on average is 1.9 seconds faster than the last car, despite the new regulations. In the 2009 season, FIA banned the large bargeboards in front of the radiator and the sidepods. It also placed limits on the wheelbase, making it shorter, simpler front splitter, narrower rear spoiler and certain underside air flows, so that it is less disruptive to the car behind. The Ferrari F60 responded to all of this by improving tiny details from the F2008. The front splitter is located further away from the front wheel, and now has only 1 layer. Ferrari claims this improves air flow to the wheels. The F60 is only fitted with 1-tread slick tires, and a simpler suspension positioned a bit backward in angle. Ferrari removed the large airflow plates and replaced it with a small one, also adjusting some underside air flow. The side mirrors are located at the edge of the car's floor. The FIA's ban on small side wings led to the creation of a "cleaner" sidepods acceptable of the smaller engine, and a smooth underside of the chassis. The rear diffuser is revised to meet the regulations that stated it has to produce less downforce.
Ferrari F2008
The Ferrari F2008 is a Formula One motor racing car, which Scuderia Ferrari used to compete in the 2008 Formula One season.
The car was unveiled to the public on January 6, 2008. It features a new standard Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which is the electronic system that controls all the cars, produced by McLaren Electronic Systems. This was included to comply with the new regulations. The ECU also removes most of the driver aids used in previous seasons, including traction control, engine braking and electronically assisted starting system. It also makes the management of the differential, engine and gearchanges easier.
The car also weighs more than last season's F2007 chassis due to rule changes which includes the gearbox which has to be used for four consecutive races, higher side protection around the drivers helmet etc.
World champion Kimi Räikkönen gave the car its first shakedown at Ferrari's Fiorano test track on January 7, 2008.
The car was unveiled to the public on January 6, 2008. It features a new standard Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which is the electronic system that controls all the cars, produced by McLaren Electronic Systems. This was included to comply with the new regulations. The ECU also removes most of the driver aids used in previous seasons, including traction control, engine braking and electronically assisted starting system. It also makes the management of the differential, engine and gearchanges easier.
The car also weighs more than last season's F2007 chassis due to rule changes which includes the gearbox which has to be used for four consecutive races, higher side protection around the drivers helmet etc.
World champion Kimi Räikkönen gave the car its first shakedown at Ferrari's Fiorano test track on January 7, 2008.
Ferrari 360
The Ferrari 360 is a mid-engine midsize two-seater sports car produced from late 1999 until 2005. The 360 replaced the Ferrari F355 and was itself replaced by the fairly similar Ferrari F430. For the 360, Ferrari partnered with Alcoa to produce an entirely new all-aluminum space-frame chassis that was 40% stiffer than the F355, yet 28% lighter despite a 10% increase in overall dimensions. Along with the new frame was a new Pininfarina body styling that broke ranks with the last decade's sharp angles and flip-up headlights, replacing them with a rounded appearance that harkened to the 1960s. The new V8 engine, common to all versions, was only slightly larger and more powerful than the F355's at 3.6 litres and 400 bhp (300 kW) of power, but the lighter frame and added stiffness improved performance; the 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration performance improved from 4.6 to 4.4 seconds, . An engine replacement resulted in the V8 road model that followed, the F430 (internally referred to as the evoluzione or evo) which came out in 2004.
Nine versions of the basic 360 were produced, of which six were road models
Nine versions of the basic 360 were produced, of which six were road models
Ferrari F430
The Ferrari F430 was a sports car produced by the Italian automaker Ferrari from 2004 to 2009, as a successor to the 360. It debuted at the 2004 Paris Motor Show. Its replacement, the Ferrari 458 Italia, was unveiled on 28 July 2009 and is expected to go on sale in Spring .
Overviwew
The MSRP for a Ferrari F430 is $168,005 to $227,000 in the United States, £118,500 in the United Kingdom, approximately €175,000 in the European Union and $389,000 for the base model to $450,000 for the Spider F1 in Australia2010.
Design
The body has been redesigned to be more curvaceous and aerodynamic. Although the drag coefficient remains the same, downforce has been greatly enhanced. A great deal of Ferrari heritage is found in the car: at the rear, the Enzo's tail lights and interior vents have been added. The car's name has been etched into the Testarossa-styled driver's side mirror. The large oval openings in the front bumper are reminiscent of Ferrari racing models from the 60s, specifically the 156 "sharknose" Formula One car and 250 TR61 Le Mans cars of Phil Hill.The F430 includes the E-Diff, a computer-controlled limited slip differential a type of active differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration, a world's first.
Features
The F430 includes the E-Diff, a computer-controlled limited slip differential a type of active differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration, a world's first.
Other notable features include the first application of Ferrari's manettino steering wheel-mounted control knob. Drivers can select from five different settings which modify the vehicle's ESP system, "Skyhook" electronic suspension, transmission behavior, throttle response, and E-Diff. The feature is similar to Land Rover's "Terrain Response" system.
The Ferrari F430 was also released with exclusive Goodyear Eagle F1 GSD3 EMT tires, which have a striking V-shaped tread design, run-flat capability, and OneTRED technology.
In the US the company requested an exemption from the airbag design requirements, which was eventually granted, allowing the car to continue to be sold in the US.
Overviwew
The MSRP for a Ferrari F430 is $168,005 to $227,000 in the United States, £118,500 in the United Kingdom, approximately €175,000 in the European Union and $389,000 for the base model to $450,000 for the Spider F1 in Australia2010.
Design
The body has been redesigned to be more curvaceous and aerodynamic. Although the drag coefficient remains the same, downforce has been greatly enhanced. A great deal of Ferrari heritage is found in the car: at the rear, the Enzo's tail lights and interior vents have been added. The car's name has been etched into the Testarossa-styled driver's side mirror. The large oval openings in the front bumper are reminiscent of Ferrari racing models from the 60s, specifically the 156 "sharknose" Formula One car and 250 TR61 Le Mans cars of Phil Hill.The F430 includes the E-Diff, a computer-controlled limited slip differential a type of active differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration, a world's first.
Features
The F430 includes the E-Diff, a computer-controlled limited slip differential a type of active differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration, a world's first.
Other notable features include the first application of Ferrari's manettino steering wheel-mounted control knob. Drivers can select from five different settings which modify the vehicle's ESP system, "Skyhook" electronic suspension, transmission behavior, throttle response, and E-Diff. The feature is similar to Land Rover's "Terrain Response" system.
The Ferrari F430 was also released with exclusive Goodyear Eagle F1 GSD3 EMT tires, which have a striking V-shaped tread design, run-flat capability, and OneTRED technology.
In the US the company requested an exemption from the airbag design requirements, which was eventually granted, allowing the car to continue to be sold in the US.
Thursday, May 27, 2010
formula one F1
Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants' cars must comply. The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held on purpose-built circuits, and public roads. The results of each race are combined to determine two annual World Championships, one for the drivers and one for the constructors, with racing drivers, constructor teams, track officials, organizers, and circuits required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the highest class racing licence issued by the FIA.
Formula One cars race at high speeds, up to 360 km/h (220 mph) with engines revving up to a formula imposed limit of 18,000 rpm. The cars are capable of pulling in excess of 5 g on some corners. The performance of the cars is highly dependent on electronics (although traction control and driving aids have been banned since 2008), aerodynamics, suspension, and tyres. The formula has seen many evolutions and changes through the history of the sport.
Europe is Formula One's traditional centre, where all of the teams are based, and where around half of the races take place. However, the sport's scope has expanded significantly in recent years and Grands Prix are held all over the world. Events in Europe and the Americas have been dropped in favour of races in Asia and the Far East—of the seventeen races in 2009, eight were held outside Europe.
Formula One is a massive television event, with an aggregate global audience of 600 million people for each race. The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights. As the world's most expensive sport, its economic effect is significant, and its financial and political battles are widely covered. Its high profile and popularity make it an obvious merchandising environment, which leads to very high investments from sponsors, translating into extremely high budgets for the constructors. However, mostly since 2000, due to the always increasing expenditures, several teams, including works teams from car makers and those teams with minimal support from the automotive industry, have gone bankrupt or been bought out by companies wanting to establish a team within the sport; these buyouts are also influenced by Formula One limiting the number of participant teams.
Formula One cars race at high speeds, up to 360 km/h (220 mph) with engines revving up to a formula imposed limit of 18,000 rpm. The cars are capable of pulling in excess of 5 g on some corners. The performance of the cars is highly dependent on electronics (although traction control and driving aids have been banned since 2008), aerodynamics, suspension, and tyres. The formula has seen many evolutions and changes through the history of the sport.
Europe is Formula One's traditional centre, where all of the teams are based, and where around half of the races take place. However, the sport's scope has expanded significantly in recent years and Grands Prix are held all over the world. Events in Europe and the Americas have been dropped in favour of races in Asia and the Far East—of the seventeen races in 2009, eight were held outside Europe.
Formula One is a massive television event, with an aggregate global audience of 600 million people for each race. The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights. As the world's most expensive sport, its economic effect is significant, and its financial and political battles are widely covered. Its high profile and popularity make it an obvious merchandising environment, which leads to very high investments from sponsors, translating into extremely high budgets for the constructors. However, mostly since 2000, due to the always increasing expenditures, several teams, including works teams from car makers and those teams with minimal support from the automotive industry, have gone bankrupt or been bought out by companies wanting to establish a team within the sport; these buyouts are also influenced by Formula One limiting the number of participant teams.
E30 M3
Based on the 1986 model year E30 3-Series, the first M3 was introduced with a 2.3 L I4 S14B23 engine (or S14 in shorthand). The engine design was based on various BMW genealogy: basic block layout from the M10 4 cylinder (found in the 2002 and 320 series) overbored and reinforced to similar specifications of the BMW M88 inline-6. The valve train and head architecture from BMW's M1 and, later, M6 inline-6 cylinder was adopted for aggressive breathing, resulting in outstanding performance for the day.
The most notable characteristic of the E30 M3 (relative to later M3 iterations) is its racing pedigree. It was campaigned by BMW as well as other racing teams including Prodrive and AC Schnitzer competing in many forms of racing including rally as well as German, British, Italian, Belgian, French and Australian touring.
One of the main reasons for production of the road car was to homologate the M3 for Group A Touring Car racing. One of the reasons often cited for its creation was that it was to compete with the "2.3-16V"-model of the Mercedes-Benz W201 190E which was introduced in 1983, although this was only speculative. When the E30 M3 was in its final years of top level competition, the 2.5 liter S14 engine in full race trim was capable of over 340 hp (250 kW) naturally aspirated.
The most notable characteristic of the E30 M3 (relative to later M3 iterations) is its racing pedigree. It was campaigned by BMW as well as other racing teams including Prodrive and AC Schnitzer competing in many forms of racing including rally as well as German, British, Italian, Belgian, French and Australian touring.
One of the main reasons for production of the road car was to homologate the M3 for Group A Touring Car racing. One of the reasons often cited for its creation was that it was to compete with the "2.3-16V"-model of the Mercedes-Benz W201 190E which was introduced in 1983, although this was only speculative. When the E30 M3 was in its final years of top level competition, the 2.5 liter S14 engine in full race trim was capable of over 340 hp (250 kW) naturally aspirated.
BMW M3
The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series compact car, developed by BMW's branch BMW M. M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46 and E90/E92/E93 3-series, and sold with coupé, sedan and convertible body styles. Common upgrades over the "standard" 3-Series automobiles include more powerful and responsive (yet at times smaller) engines, improved handling/suspension, more aggressive aerodynamics/body, and multiple interior/exterior accents with the tri-color "M" (Motorsport) emblem.
hydrogen vehicle
A hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. The term may refer to a personal transportation vehicle, such as an automobile, or any other vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar fashion, such as an aircraft. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. Widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed hydrogen economy.
Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.
Many companies are working to develop technologies that might efficiently exploit the potential of hydrogen energy for mobile uses. The attraction of using hydrogen as an energy currency is that, if hydrogen is prepared without using fossil fuel inputs, vehicle propulsion would not contribute to carbon dioxide emissions. The drawbacks of hydrogen use are low energy content per unit volume, high tankage weights, the storage, transportation and filling of gaseous or liquid hydrogen in vehicles, the large investment in infrastructure that would be required to fuel vehicles, and the inefficiency of production processes.
Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.
Many companies are working to develop technologies that might efficiently exploit the potential of hydrogen energy for mobile uses. The attraction of using hydrogen as an energy currency is that, if hydrogen is prepared without using fossil fuel inputs, vehicle propulsion would not contribute to carbon dioxide emissions. The drawbacks of hydrogen use are low energy content per unit volume, high tankage weights, the storage, transportation and filling of gaseous or liquid hydrogen in vehicles, the large investment in infrastructure that would be required to fuel vehicles, and the inefficiency of production processes.
Jagur FX
The year for luxury automaker Jaguar continues to be life in the fast lane of the automobile industry. While there has been good news aplenty to report on how well the Jaguar XF has been received by industry pundits and owners, news from the UK that monthly sales figures are up nearly 100 percent demonstrate the XF’s popularity with upscale consumers substantially.
Geoff Cousins, managing director, Jaguar UK, said that the growing popularity speaks for itself with more than 22,000 XFs in the UK. Mr. Cousins added, “We have kept this momentum going in a challenging market during the first quarter with a very successful TV, print and Web advertising campaign that has helped us nearly double our sales of XFs in March."
The Jaguar XF has collected more than 60 awards regarding its overall excellence. Jaguar has ranked highest among luxury brands in satisfying customers who purchased a new vehicle in the J.D. Power and Associates’ Sales Satisfaction Index Study for two years consecutively.
Geoff Cousins, managing director, Jaguar UK, said that the growing popularity speaks for itself with more than 22,000 XFs in the UK. Mr. Cousins added, “We have kept this momentum going in a challenging market during the first quarter with a very successful TV, print and Web advertising campaign that has helped us nearly double our sales of XFs in March."
The Jaguar XF has collected more than 60 awards regarding its overall excellence. Jaguar has ranked highest among luxury brands in satisfying customers who purchased a new vehicle in the J.D. Power and Associates’ Sales Satisfaction Index Study for two years consecutively.
ferrai challenge
The Ferrari Challenge is a series of GrandAm sanctioned races that pits owners of the Ferrari F430 Challenge in competitions on some of the world’s greatest tracks against each other. It is an actual six-race season with events at tracks such as Watkin Glens, the New Jersey Motorsports Park, and the Homestead-Miami Speedway.
The Ferrari Challenge is organized by Ferrari North America. While a detailed application and certifications are required by participating drivers to ensure safety, the race is not for full-time professional drivers or other industry-related professionals. It is a spirited competition for fellow F430 owners to have at it and then socialize at various activities built around the contests.
Since each participant drives a purpose-built Ferrari F430 Challenge with the same specs and no modifications, the drivers with the best skills usually win. The entrance fee to drive in the Ferrari Challenge is $26,000. The price to drive in all six races is $34,000
The Ferrari Challenge is organized by Ferrari North America. While a detailed application and certifications are required by participating drivers to ensure safety, the race is not for full-time professional drivers or other industry-related professionals. It is a spirited competition for fellow F430 owners to have at it and then socialize at various activities built around the contests.
Since each participant drives a purpose-built Ferrari F430 Challenge with the same specs and no modifications, the drivers with the best skills usually win. The entrance fee to drive in the Ferrari Challenge is $26,000. The price to drive in all six races is $34,000
mercedes e-class caribolet
Luxury Cars: What better way to spend your summer road trip than from behind the wheel of a 2011 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Cabriolet? The much-anticipated convertible is identical in size to the 2010 E-Class Coupe and packs just as much punch under its hood.
Unlike other convertibles in its class, the new cabriolet is not outfitted with a retractable hardtop, but rather a 0.9-inch-thick fabric roof that is both water and wind resistant. The unique design of the roof enables the cabriolet to offer additional trunk capacity, with an increase from 3.17 cubic feet to 13.8 cubic feet. Another added feature is the new AIRCAP® system, which is designed to limit the amount of wind intrusion into the passenger compartment up to speeds of 100 mph. The system includes a 2.4-inch wind deflector that extends from the windshield, as well as a draft-stop mounted behind the rear seats. The cabriolet also features the Mercedes AIRSCARF®, a luxury that was first introduced in the SL Roadster, which sends gusts of warm air around the neck of both the driver and front-seat passenger. With these highly-engineered advancements, drivers and passengers alike can cruise the streets in style in in all seasons, knowing that each hair on his or her head will remain perfectly intac
Unlike other convertibles in its class, the new cabriolet is not outfitted with a retractable hardtop, but rather a 0.9-inch-thick fabric roof that is both water and wind resistant. The unique design of the roof enables the cabriolet to offer additional trunk capacity, with an increase from 3.17 cubic feet to 13.8 cubic feet. Another added feature is the new AIRCAP® system, which is designed to limit the amount of wind intrusion into the passenger compartment up to speeds of 100 mph. The system includes a 2.4-inch wind deflector that extends from the windshield, as well as a draft-stop mounted behind the rear seats. The cabriolet also features the Mercedes AIRSCARF®, a luxury that was first introduced in the SL Roadster, which sends gusts of warm air around the neck of both the driver and front-seat passenger. With these highly-engineered advancements, drivers and passengers alike can cruise the streets in style in in all seasons, knowing that each hair on his or her head will remain perfectly intac
auto markets
The automotive market is formed by the demand and the industry. This article is about the general, major trends in the automotive market, mainly from the demand side.
The European automotive market has always boasted more smaller cars than the United States. With the high fuel prices and the world petroleum crisis, the United States may see its automotive market become more like the European market with fewer large vehicles on the road and more small cars.
For luxurious cars, with the current volatility in oil prices, going for smaller cars is not only smart, but also trendy. And because fashion is of high importance with the upper classes, the little green cars with luxury trimmings become quite plausible .
The European automotive market has always boasted more smaller cars than the United States. With the high fuel prices and the world petroleum crisis, the United States may see its automotive market become more like the European market with fewer large vehicles on the road and more small cars.
For luxurious cars, with the current volatility in oil prices, going for smaller cars is not only smart, but also trendy. And because fashion is of high importance with the upper classes, the little green cars with luxury trimmings become quite plausible .
auto markets
The automotive market is formed by the demand and the industry. This article is about the general, major trends in the automotive market, mainly from the demand side.
The European automotive market has always boasted more smaller cars than the United States. With the high fuel prices and the world petroleum crisis, the United States may see its automotive market become more like the European market with fewer large vehicles on the road and more small cars.
For luxurious cars, with the current volatility in oil prices, going for smaller cars is not only smart, but also trendy. And because fashion is of high importance with the upper classes, the little green cars with luxury trimmings become quite plausible .
The European automotive market has always boasted more smaller cars than the United States. With the high fuel prices and the world petroleum crisis, the United States may see its automotive market become more like the European market with fewer large vehicles on the road and more small cars.
For luxurious cars, with the current volatility in oil prices, going for smaller cars is not only smart, but also trendy. And because fashion is of high importance with the upper classes, the little green cars with luxury trimmings become quite plausible .
cars on water
This article shows how I was thoroughly laughed at by my friends when I told them cars would run on water... but guess who's laughing now.
Among them was a friend who at the time knew a lot about auto-mechanics. He was the one that laughed the loudest and he took time to explain, especially to me, how it wasn't possible for cars to EVER run on water in any capacity.
Among them was someone who knew so much about the mechanics of a car and how it works. He was the one that laughed the loudest and took time to explain to us, especially me, how it wasn't possible for cars to EVER run on water, even 30% water.
If you know anyone that who also doubted the workability of the water car technology, it is time to tell them that not only is it now workable, but it is so simple anyone can install it.
That's right! The water car technology can be made workable by just about anyone with access to the Internet and the right tools.
How exactly does this water car technology work?
How exactly does water car technology work?
Water car technology uses simple put-together homemade devices that apply electricity from the car's battery, separating water into a gas called HHO (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen). HHO, also known as Brown's Gas or Hydroxy, burns beautifully and by so doing provides TONS of energy.
To get started, visit us online via the power of the Internet where you can find this information for free.
To get started, learn more about how this works and how you too can do it yourself on your car. With the power of the Internet you can find this information for free. When you arm yourself with this information you will be amazed at how easy it can be to make this water car technology work for you
Among them was a friend who at the time knew a lot about auto-mechanics. He was the one that laughed the loudest and he took time to explain, especially to me, how it wasn't possible for cars to EVER run on water in any capacity.
Among them was someone who knew so much about the mechanics of a car and how it works. He was the one that laughed the loudest and took time to explain to us, especially me, how it wasn't possible for cars to EVER run on water, even 30% water.
If you know anyone that who also doubted the workability of the water car technology, it is time to tell them that not only is it now workable, but it is so simple anyone can install it.
That's right! The water car technology can be made workable by just about anyone with access to the Internet and the right tools.
How exactly does this water car technology work?
How exactly does water car technology work?
Water car technology uses simple put-together homemade devices that apply electricity from the car's battery, separating water into a gas called HHO (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen). HHO, also known as Brown's Gas or Hydroxy, burns beautifully and by so doing provides TONS of energy.
To get started, visit us online via the power of the Internet where you can find this information for free.
To get started, learn more about how this works and how you too can do it yourself on your car. With the power of the Internet you can find this information for free. When you arm yourself with this information you will be amazed at how easy it can be to make this water car technology work for you
Ford fusion review
The Ford Fusion has presence, unusual among midsize sedans that tend to blend in to the scenery. Some people, including me, like the aggressive, angular look of the Fusion, some don't. We?d like to note that polarizing designs are often more successful than bland designs that neither offend nor excite anyone. In short, we think this is a great-looking car. The styling features large headlights and a bold grille. Three thick chrome bars across the grille have a razor-like appearance and make the car look more upmarket than its pricing might suggest. The front bumper almost disappears as there are two chrome strips below it that match the ones on the grille.
When the Fusion was first introduced, Ford executives said its three-bar horizontal grille would become the signature styling cue for Ford cars. Since then it has been seen on concept vehicles, as well as the Edge crossover vehicle and the new Taurus and newly restyled Focus. This distinctive grille catches your eye on the road, distinguishing the Fusion from other mid-size sedans. The sides of the car are crisply separated from the hood, roof and rear deck. A fold along the top edges of the front fenders runs all the way back along the edge of the roof to the rear deck. The Fusion features a wide track, which makes it stand out on the freeway when viewed from behind. A high trunk line and large triangular taillight clusters with chrome trim give the rear end a classy look. The overall effect is pleasing. The chrome on the car contrasts nicely with the body work, especially on dark-colored models or red. Gaps between body panels seem a bit larger than those on some of the other cars in the class. All-wheel-drive models have AWD badging on the rear deck. While the 17-inch wheels that drive the AWD SEL models are the same design, they have a tell-tale hash mark to identify all-wheel-drive models.
The Sport Appearance Package features a black chrome grille, color-keyed fog lights, a unique rear spoiler, chrome exhaust tips, and most notably, 18-inch aluminum wheels on lower profile tires. The Fusion fits into the Ford car lineup between the compact Focus and the big Taurus sedan. It has much the same dimensions as its competitors. Although the Fusion shares its basic floorpan with the Mazda6, its wheelbase is two inches longer and it is an inch or so wider. Ford also says Fusion has a stiffer bodyshell than the Mazda6, which is good because a rigid structure is the key to a smooth ride and responsive handling.
In review,the Ford Fusion is one of the best buys on the market.Whether a young person looking for a first car,or a family looking to upgrade,all situations will be pleased with the Fusion.But you really need to see for yourself and test drive one today.
When the Fusion was first introduced, Ford executives said its three-bar horizontal grille would become the signature styling cue for Ford cars. Since then it has been seen on concept vehicles, as well as the Edge crossover vehicle and the new Taurus and newly restyled Focus. This distinctive grille catches your eye on the road, distinguishing the Fusion from other mid-size sedans. The sides of the car are crisply separated from the hood, roof and rear deck. A fold along the top edges of the front fenders runs all the way back along the edge of the roof to the rear deck. The Fusion features a wide track, which makes it stand out on the freeway when viewed from behind. A high trunk line and large triangular taillight clusters with chrome trim give the rear end a classy look. The overall effect is pleasing. The chrome on the car contrasts nicely with the body work, especially on dark-colored models or red. Gaps between body panels seem a bit larger than those on some of the other cars in the class. All-wheel-drive models have AWD badging on the rear deck. While the 17-inch wheels that drive the AWD SEL models are the same design, they have a tell-tale hash mark to identify all-wheel-drive models.
The Sport Appearance Package features a black chrome grille, color-keyed fog lights, a unique rear spoiler, chrome exhaust tips, and most notably, 18-inch aluminum wheels on lower profile tires. The Fusion fits into the Ford car lineup between the compact Focus and the big Taurus sedan. It has much the same dimensions as its competitors. Although the Fusion shares its basic floorpan with the Mazda6, its wheelbase is two inches longer and it is an inch or so wider. Ford also says Fusion has a stiffer bodyshell than the Mazda6, which is good because a rigid structure is the key to a smooth ride and responsive handling.
In review,the Ford Fusion is one of the best buys on the market.Whether a young person looking for a first car,or a family looking to upgrade,all situations will be pleased with the Fusion.But you really need to see for yourself and test drive one today.
future automobiles communicate with body!
In the future, your car may be able to smile, cry, grimace, or show other emotions to the drivers and other vehicles around you. This is a vision according to new inventors from Japan, who have received a patent on technology to allow cars, ships, motorcycles and other vehicles to emote.
This technology is being used to enhance the communication abilities of vehicles so that drivers can send more complex signals to the other drivers around them on the road. Today, you can only honk your horn, or tap your brake lights, flash your headlights or use your turn signals, and these signals are rather one-dimensional. It's difficult to show a wide range of emotional expression, such as thanking another driver for letting you enter the lane, or expressing disapproval at another driver who inappropriately cuts in front of you.
The channels for this communication are being selected due to the human affinity for naturally understanding facial expressions and body language. Humans are hard-wired to understand certain facial expressions, and even when machines mimic those facial expressions, the intent or emotion is still communicated quite clearly to human observers. In other words, an expression or display of body language doesn't have to come from another human being in order to be meaningful to the observer. So, a car can appear angry just as a robot can display emotions.
I believe this technology holds the promise for being far more than just entertainment, by the way. I think this could help drivers get along better on the roads and share their judgments about each other's driving habits in a way that makes driving less frustrating, less stressful, and less troublesome for everyone involved. Because today, it's too easy to jump to strong negative conclusions about someone honking their horn or flashing their headlights, when in fact they may mean something far less intimidating. With the appropriate technology, they will finally be able to display those other emotions and get the point across that they intended. With this vehicle technology, there's simply less opportunity for drivers to misinterpret each others' intentions.
This technology is being used to enhance the communication abilities of vehicles so that drivers can send more complex signals to the other drivers around them on the road. Today, you can only honk your horn, or tap your brake lights, flash your headlights or use your turn signals, and these signals are rather one-dimensional. It's difficult to show a wide range of emotional expression, such as thanking another driver for letting you enter the lane, or expressing disapproval at another driver who inappropriately cuts in front of you.
The channels for this communication are being selected due to the human affinity for naturally understanding facial expressions and body language. Humans are hard-wired to understand certain facial expressions, and even when machines mimic those facial expressions, the intent or emotion is still communicated quite clearly to human observers. In other words, an expression or display of body language doesn't have to come from another human being in order to be meaningful to the observer. So, a car can appear angry just as a robot can display emotions.
I believe this technology holds the promise for being far more than just entertainment, by the way. I think this could help drivers get along better on the roads and share their judgments about each other's driving habits in a way that makes driving less frustrating, less stressful, and less troublesome for everyone involved. Because today, it's too easy to jump to strong negative conclusions about someone honking their horn or flashing their headlights, when in fact they may mean something far less intimidating. With the appropriate technology, they will finally be able to display those other emotions and get the point across that they intended. With this vehicle technology, there's simply less opportunity for drivers to misinterpret each others' intentions.
2008 ford focus review
Vehicle Overview Ford's popular Focus compact car has been spruced up for 2008 with new styling inside and out. A new two-door coupe has been added to the lineup, too, but only the coupe and sedan models will be available for 2008. Available in base SE or uplevel SEL trim levels, the Focus arrives this fall.
The exterior of the Focus has adopted a version of Ford's now-signature bar-style grille that's on the front of the Fusion and the Edge. The Focus? grille only gets two horizontal bars, though, with a wide gap between the lower bar and the front bumper. The restyled headlights meet the edge of the grille and wrap around into the front fenders, which now have chrome trim pieces on SEL models. New taillights are present, and the sedan's trunklid has a cleaner appearance thanks to the license plate's migration to the rear bumper.
For 2008 the Focus sedan is a little wider and taller than its predecessor, but retains that model's 102.9-inch wheelbase and is about the same length overall. The suspension still uses struts in front and a multilink setup in the rear, but it has new springs, shock absorbers and stabilizer bars. The Focus is available with either 15- or 16-inch wheels.
The five-seat Focus? extensive interior changes include a new instrument cluster, steering wheel, center control layout and dashboard design. Gauges and buttons now have blue backlighting. The SEL's dash, center stack and center console make extensive use of silver-metallic trim pieces, while SE models get a dark stone dash. At 39.2 inches, front headroom is about the same as before; front legroom is up about an inch to 41.6 inches. Cloth seats are standard and leather is available.
The audio system readout has been consolidated in a dash-top display. While the display is closer to the driver's eyes than a regular stereo head unit's, the ergonomic flipside is that it introduces one more place for the driver to look when changing the radio channel: once at the buttons and then up to the readout to check the results. Selectable ambient lighting for the cupholders and footwells is available, and the system has seven different hues with which to customize the look of the interior.
The Focus can also have Ford's new Sync communication and entertainment system. Sync features Bluetooth-based connectivity for up to six cell phones. It can control MP3 players using voice commands or cabin controls when they're connected to the system's USB port.
Under the Hood The Focus is powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that produces an estimated 136 horsepower (130 hp in California). Five-speed manual and four-speed automatic transmissions are available
Safety Side-impact airbags for the front seats and side curtain airbags are standard. Antilock brakes are available
The exterior of the Focus has adopted a version of Ford's now-signature bar-style grille that's on the front of the Fusion and the Edge. The Focus? grille only gets two horizontal bars, though, with a wide gap between the lower bar and the front bumper. The restyled headlights meet the edge of the grille and wrap around into the front fenders, which now have chrome trim pieces on SEL models. New taillights are present, and the sedan's trunklid has a cleaner appearance thanks to the license plate's migration to the rear bumper.
For 2008 the Focus sedan is a little wider and taller than its predecessor, but retains that model's 102.9-inch wheelbase and is about the same length overall. The suspension still uses struts in front and a multilink setup in the rear, but it has new springs, shock absorbers and stabilizer bars. The Focus is available with either 15- or 16-inch wheels.
The five-seat Focus? extensive interior changes include a new instrument cluster, steering wheel, center control layout and dashboard design. Gauges and buttons now have blue backlighting. The SEL's dash, center stack and center console make extensive use of silver-metallic trim pieces, while SE models get a dark stone dash. At 39.2 inches, front headroom is about the same as before; front legroom is up about an inch to 41.6 inches. Cloth seats are standard and leather is available.
The audio system readout has been consolidated in a dash-top display. While the display is closer to the driver's eyes than a regular stereo head unit's, the ergonomic flipside is that it introduces one more place for the driver to look when changing the radio channel: once at the buttons and then up to the readout to check the results. Selectable ambient lighting for the cupholders and footwells is available, and the system has seven different hues with which to customize the look of the interior.
The Focus can also have Ford's new Sync communication and entertainment system. Sync features Bluetooth-based connectivity for up to six cell phones. It can control MP3 players using voice commands or cabin controls when they're connected to the system's USB port.
Under the Hood The Focus is powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that produces an estimated 136 horsepower (130 hp in California). Five-speed manual and four-speed automatic transmissions are available
Safety Side-impact airbags for the front seats and side curtain airbags are standard. Antilock brakes are available
tips on buying motorcycles
Many people forget, when they are buying their first bike, about motorcycle insurance. They are so excited to jump on their bike and ride it that they forget to add the cost of motorcycle insurance in their payment estimates. Motorcycle insurance is something that every motorcycle rider should have, no matter whether they have an inexpensive Honda motorcycle or a much-more expensive BMW motorcycle. If you're trying to figure out how to get the most out of your motorcycle insurance, here are a few tips.
Get a combination policy. Most insurance companies know that their policy holders want to save money, and in order to make them happy they have come up with combination policies. This means that you put not only your bike, but also your car, and possibly even your home insurance on the same policy. This makes things easier for the insurance company and can save you a bundle of money at the same time.
Go with liability only. If you are really short of funds, go with liability only insurance. It is the most basic coverage available but will afford you some protection.
Cover your accessories. How much was the new helmet you bought? Or the chrome accessories that you had added to your bike? You can add accessories coverage in order to cover the costs of some of your accessories. A secret is that some insurance companies will pay more for the accessories than they will for the bike. If you happen to dump your bike, you will be able to get more money for a new one when you claim your accessories on the coverage as well.
Compare and contrast. Never choose the first company you contact. Instead, look around and try to find the best deal. You can often get a better deal when you pit one company against another.
Look online. You can find a lot of insurance companies online who will offer you a better rate for your motorcycle insurance than you would get by going through local companies.
Insure more than one bike. If you and your spouse both have a bike, or if you have two bikes, you can save quite a bit of money by insuring more than one bike with the same company.
Motorcycle insurance is not only a good idea, it is required in every state but Florida and Washington. Being smart and methodical when you purchase your motorcycle insurance is often the best way to get a good deal.
Get a combination policy. Most insurance companies know that their policy holders want to save money, and in order to make them happy they have come up with combination policies. This means that you put not only your bike, but also your car, and possibly even your home insurance on the same policy. This makes things easier for the insurance company and can save you a bundle of money at the same time.
Go with liability only. If you are really short of funds, go with liability only insurance. It is the most basic coverage available but will afford you some protection.
Cover your accessories. How much was the new helmet you bought? Or the chrome accessories that you had added to your bike? You can add accessories coverage in order to cover the costs of some of your accessories. A secret is that some insurance companies will pay more for the accessories than they will for the bike. If you happen to dump your bike, you will be able to get more money for a new one when you claim your accessories on the coverage as well.
Compare and contrast. Never choose the first company you contact. Instead, look around and try to find the best deal. You can often get a better deal when you pit one company against another.
Look online. You can find a lot of insurance companies online who will offer you a better rate for your motorcycle insurance than you would get by going through local companies.
Insure more than one bike. If you and your spouse both have a bike, or if you have two bikes, you can save quite a bit of money by insuring more than one bike with the same company.
Motorcycle insurance is not only a good idea, it is required in every state but Florida and Washington. Being smart and methodical when you purchase your motorcycle insurance is often the best way to get a good deal.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
automobiles industry
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide.
In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa. The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and other parts of Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, China, Russia, Brazil and India saw the most rapid growth.
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. Roughly half of the US's fifty-one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years, with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade. Combined with robust growth in China, in 2009, this resulted in China becoming the largest automobile producer and market in the world.
In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa. The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and other parts of Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, China, Russia, Brazil and India saw the most rapid growth.
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. Roughly half of the US's fifty-one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years, with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade. Combined with robust growth in China, in 2009, this resulted in China becoming the largest automobile producer and market in the world.
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